Selasa, 25 Desember 2012

PAST PERFECT TENSE


DISCUSSION
PAST PERFECT TENSE
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event  was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence.

A.    The structure of past perfect tense
1.      Verbal Sentence
a.      Affirmative sentence
Affirmative : Subject + had + verb 3 
Example :
                        I Had Cooked the rice before I left
She Had made a cake before I came home
b.      Negative Sentence

Negative : Subject + had + not + verb 3



Example :
I Had Not Cooked the rice before I left
She Had Not made a cake before I came home
c.       Introgative Sentence
Introgative : Had+Subject+Verb 3

Example :
Had you cooked the rice before I left ?
Had she made a cake before I came home ?

2.      Nominal Sentence
a.      Affirmative sentence
Affirmative : Subject + had + been + noun/adj/adv 
Example :
                        She Had been there when the accident happened  
                        They had been doctors when they went abroad



b.      Negative Sentence

Negative : Subject + had + not + Been  +  noun/adj/adv 


Example :
She Had not been there when the accident happened  
They had not been doctors when they went abroad
c.       Introgative Sentence
Introgative : Had+Subject+ been + noun/adj/adv 

Example :
Had She been there when the accident happened  ?
                        Had They been doctors when they went abroad ?

B.     Questions - words  in the Past Perfect Tense

Q-words are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical  Q- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much, whose, whom, which.
The Structure a Wh-question :
Q-word + Had + S + V3

Example :
·         Why had you eaten?
·         Where had she gone?
·         What had you eaten?
·         How had we met?
·         Who had cooked the  rice before I left ?

C.    TIME SIGNAL
1. On
Example : On sunday morning, he painted  the  fence
2. When
Example : When my brother arrived, he  had painted  the fence
3. Before
Example : The train had left before I arrived
4. After
Example : She told me her name after I had asked her twice 

D.    Past perfect tense used to :  
1.      To show that one past action took place or was completed before another action took place.
            Example :
a.       Before mother finished cooking,I had slept.
b.      The children had gone to bed long before their father got home. 

2.      To show that an action had been completed / taken place by a particular time in the past.

Example :
a.       By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie had already started.
b.       Mother had cooked dinner by 6.30 p.m. yesterday.

3.      To express a wish, a desire or regret about a past event or situation.  This is usually expressed with a conditional clause that contains ‘if’.
Example :
a.          If we had attended Normala’s party, we would have met some interesting  people.     
b.         If I had listened to you, I wouldn’t be in the mess I’m in now.


BIBLIOGRAFI
Hanafi,Tommy.2011.Pasti cepat bias 16 tenses .Jogjakarta : pustaka Nasional.




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